Greater Glasgow and Clyde Medicines

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• Access to the correct medications at the right time can be a problem for patients with PD when they are admitted to hospital.
• This led Parkinson’s UK to initiate the “Get it on time” campaign to ensure PD medications are received on time every time.
• NICE recommends that levodopa should be taken within 30 minutes of its prescribed time.
• It is crucial not to stop, omit or delay PD medications for any significant length of time (>2 hours) as this may cause significant exacerbation of symptoms and patient distress.
• In some cases, particularly in patients with advanced PD or who are on high doses of PD medications, missing PD medicines increases the risk of developing neuroleptic malignant like syndrome (Parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome) which may be fatal.

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• NHS Public Health Scotland advise giving paracetamol suspension 120mg/5ml (sugar free) at the time of Meningitis B (MenB) vaccination, or as soon as possible afterwards, in order to reduce the risk of the baby developing a vaccine associated fever.
• Parents and carers are given an information leaflet prior to the first set of infant vaccinations, which provides advice on giving paracetamol for MenB vaccination. Paracetamol infant suspension (120mg/5ml sugar free) can be obtained from community pharmacies, if they meet the eligibility criteria of being born ≥32 weeks gestational age and being over 4kg at the time of immunisation.
• For babies born before 32 weeks gestation, and all babies currently weighing less than 4kg (regardless of gestational age) at the time of immunisations, paracetamol for post vaccination fever must be prescribed by a GP according to the baby’s weight at this time.
• The dosing instructions for giving paracetamol after MenB vaccination are based on expert recommendation within NHSGGC, produced by specialist neonatal pharmacists and agreed with public health teams, for this specific situation and may differ to those in the product literature for paracetamol suspension (for the relief of pain and other causes of fever). They ensure that doses given to babies less than 4kg do not exceed the recommended paracetamol daily dose of 60mg/kg/day.
• The key points to note in dosing instructions relate to how many doses of paracetamol to give the baby before seeking medical advice:
• The baby should be given 3 doses of paracetamol at specified intervals following MenB vaccination even if they do not have a fever (see tables, caution with frequency required).
• In the 48 hours after vaccination, if the baby has a fever but is otherwise well, further doses of paracetamol can be given according to the product literature (or prescription for babies born before 32 weeks gestation and/or currently weighing less than 4kg).
• If the baby still has a fever more than 48 hours after vaccination then medical advice should be sought.

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• Lithium is a gold standard treatment for maintenance treatment of bipolar affective disorder.
• Lithium has a high potential for toxicity and requires careful monitoring to ensure its safe and effective use.
• Staff and patients using lithium must be aware of the common signs and symptoms of toxicity. Symptoms of toxicity include: coarse tremor, muscle twitching or weakness, unsteady gait, GI upset, blurred vision, slurred speech.
• Lithium preparations vary in bioavailability and should be prescribed as a brand (Priadel® is the recommended lithium preparation in NHSGGC).
• A lithium level should be taken for all patients on lithium on admission to hospital and advice on interpreting levels can be obtained from NHSGGC mental health services (MHS).

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• Delirium affects 1 in 7 hospitalised patients and is a medical emergency. It is associated with poor outcomes, including subsequent development of dementia and doubling risk of falls and mortality.
• Addressing contributory factors (such as medicines) can reduce the risk of developing in-hospital delirium in high-risk patients by a third. Undertaking a medication review is a key part of delirium care and should be undertaken on admission for all high-risk patients and at any time for patients who develop delirium. This is described in the NHSGGC Delirium Diagnosis, Risk Reduction and Management in Acute Setting guideline.
• This blog provides advice on how to undertake a medication review using the TIME checklist (NHSGGC network access required).
• Where possible, medicines associated with a risk of precipitating delirium, e.g. tramadol, should be stopped (or doses reduced).
• Analgesics AND pain itself may contribute to delirium; therefore, uncontrolled pain must be managed. Prescribe regular analgesia and, in frail people, start low and go slow.
• No medication can treat delirium. Using medicines to treat agitation and distress associated with delirium has a place only in specific circumstances when non-pharmacological measures are ineffective.
• For more general information on delirium (including completion of the TIME checklist) see the GGC- Delirium page on Staffnet (NHSGGC network access required).

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